Abolished- A word that means to outlaw something, to do away with.

Batsto- A city in southern New Jersey that was rich in sources of iron.

Batsto Iron Works, Wharton Forest- Batsto is located in southern New Jersey in the Wharton Forest. It is an area that was rich in sources of iron. The word Batsto meant ‘steam bath’ in the Lenni Lenape language. Today Batsto is a restored village where you can see demonstrations of weaving, woodworking, pottery and candle making.

Bloomfield, Joseph- A soldier in the Revolutionary War. Later in 1795, he became the Mayor of Burlington City. He was elected the Governor of New Jersey in 1801 and served until 1811.

Blue Anchor Tavern- A tavern (place to eat and drink) that was located on High Street in Burlington.

Boudinot, Elias- A man who became the Commissary-General of Prisoners during the Revolutionary War. President George Washington named him to this post.

Brotherton Reservation- A settlement that consisted of 3,000 acres located in Burlington County. It was bought by the New Jersey government in 1758 for the purpose of having a place for the Native Americans to live. No Englishman could live or own land there. J. Brainerd, an Englishman worked there with the Native Americans as a missionary trying to change their way of life. It was not a complete success. The Native Americans had a difficult time. After Brainerd’s death, many left the reservation. In 1802, the Native Americans still living in Brotherton moved to New York State to live with other Native Americans.

Burlington Island- A small island located off Burlington City in the Delaware River. Also known by the Lenni Lenape name ‘Tenneconk’.

Canoe- A type of boat used for water transportation by the Lenni Lenape Native Americans. It was made by first placing a large log on strong supports and cutting a groove in the top. Then the men and boys dug or burned out the inside of the tree.

Chief Wahunsenakah- The leader of the Lenni Lenape’s great confederacy. He was also called “Powhatan”.

Civil War- The war that was fought between the North and the South in the United States. One of the reasons for the war was the issue of slavery.

Clift, Samuel- A man who started a ferry business in 1688 so people could travel from Burlington to Bristol, Pennsylvania. This enabled trade to develop between the two areas.

Drying- A process where meat was sun-dried in long strips called jerky. The meat was hung on a wooden rack in a sunny place. After several days it was leather dry and ready for storage.

Eves, Thomas- An English Quaker who came over to Burlington County on the ship ‘Kent’. Later he and his sons settled the area now known as Evesham Township.

Ferry- An open boat, that was rectangular in shape. It moved across the river by men pushing on the bottom of the river with poles or by pulling ropes from shore to shore. Samuel Clift ran one service in Burlington, and Dunkan Williamson ran another in Beverly.

Franklin, Benjamin- A famous man who visited Burlington in 1725 and later in 1728 he opened a print shop. In 1747, he purchased 300 acres for farming. He experimented with improving crops by putting plaster on the ground. He was also well known for his many inventions.

Furnace - An enclosed area for burning items at a high heat.

Hopkinson, Francis- A delegate to the Continental Congress in1776. He was a signer of the Declaration of Independence. He was married to Ann Borden and lived in what is known today as Bordentown. He also was an artist who helped to design the great seal of the state of New Jersey.

Hudson, Henry- A Dutch explorer who sailed into the New York Bay and explored the North Atlantic coastline.

Hudson River- A river that flows between New Jersey and New York. It was named after its explorer, Henry Hudson.

Iron Ore- A substance found in rocks and soil. It was plentiful in Batsto where it was melted down and molded into items such as cannonballs.

Jacob’s Chapel- A place of worship located on Elbo Lane in Mount Laurel. Free African Americans and freed slaves worshiped here. James and William Still are buried there.

Kent- An English ship that brought many Quakers to Burlington County. (1677).

Lenni Lenape- The first people to live in Burlington County. They are one of the three groups of Native Americans in New Jersey. These people have copper-colored skin, straight black hair and high cheekbones.

Longhouse- A kind of home built by the Lenni Lenape Native Americans. It usually was in the middle of a village and used for meetings and special occasions. Wigwams usually surrounded the longhouse.

Militia Men- Soldiers who were trained and paid to fight.

Minutemen- Colonial men who held regular jobs, but were ready to “fight in a minute”.

Moccasins- Soft shoes worn by the Lenni Lenape made from tanned animal hides and sewn by hand with vines or sinew.

Mold- A metal form used to hold the liquid ore until it turned solid. The molds were used in Batsto for making the cannon balls and other metal war materials.

Morning glory roots- Roots from the morning glory flower.

New Netherlands- The name for Burlington County when the Dutch claimed the area.

Paine,Thomas – A patriot and writer who decided to “fight” with a pen instead of a gun during the Revolutionary War. He wrote pamphlets to encourage and keep the colonists informed during the war. His most famous pamphlet was “Common Sense”.

Perkin’s Art Center- A building for the teaching of arts to children and adults. It is located in Moorestown, New Jersey.

Perkin’s Homestead- A station in the ‘Underground Railroad’. It was a safe place for escaping slaves to stop in Moorestown along their route to freedom.

Pine Barrens-The area in Burlington County where many cranberry bogs and blueberry fields are located. Scrub pines (a type of pine tree) are also plentiful in this area of Burlington County.

Quaker- A person who belongs to the religious group known as The Society of Friends.

Revolution-The taking over of a form of government by force.

Scow- A flat-bottomed boat.

Slave- A person who was owned and treated as property by another person.

Smoking- The process of drying meat in the heat of a smoky fire. Green hardwood such as hickory, placed on a bed of coals provided the smoke.

Stuyvesant, Peter- The Dutch Governor of Burlington. In 1655, he ousted the Swedes from Burlington Island. Later, he lost control of the island to the English. He was known as a very mean leader so the people refused to fight for him.

Suppan- A mixture of boiled corn, animal fat and water.

Timbuctoo- A settlement about 2 miles south of Mount Holly where many free blacks settled.

Underground Railroad-The route used by slaves to travel north
for freedom. It was made up of safe places for them to stop called stations. The people who helped to direct them along their journey were called conductors.

Venison- Meat from a deer.

Wampum- Seashells sometimes worn as necklaces that were used as ‘money’ by the Lenni Lenape Native Americans.

Wigwam- A hut built in the shape of a dome by the Lenni Lenape Native Americans. They used branches for the framework and then covered it with bark, animal hides and other materials. They always left a hole at the top to allow smoke from the fire to escape.